Bolivia’s Independence. [5] Gonzalo Miguel Hurtado Zamorano was elected President of the Court on 3 January 2012. It has governed the country since 2006, following the first ever majority victory by a single party in the December 2005 elections. The branch consists of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, the nine Departmental Electoral Tribunals, Electoral Judges, the anonymously selected Juries at Election Tables, and Electoral Notaries. Privacy Policy. He was succeeded by former general Hugo Bánzer, an ex-dictator turned democrat who became president for the second time in Aug. 1997. "We want to start a new stage of our history. The main language spoken is Spanish, Quechua and Aymara. Bolivian Independence, achieved after centuries of Spanish colonial rule, was a process that spanned more than 15 years, from 1809 to 1825, ... Local government was the responsibility of the Royal Audience directed by a President. [7], The members of the Agro-environmental Court, elected in October 2011, are (in order of total votes received): Bernardo Huarachi, Deysi Villagómez, Gabriela Armijo Paz, Javier Peñafiel, Juan Ricardo Soto, Lucio Fuentes, and Yola Paucara. International organization participation: ALBA, CAN, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, Latin America in the 20th century: 1889-1929, 1991, p. 314-319, Ministry of Work, Employment, and Social Security, Plan Progreso para Bolivia – Convergencia Nacional, Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence, Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia, The European Parliament News Service- Article on EU Observers in Bolivia, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html, "Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | Data", Segunda Parte, Título II, Capítulo Primero, Sección II, "Nace nueva etapa de la justicia boliviana", "Consejo de la Magistratura elige a María Cristina Mamani Aguilar primera presidente", "Posesionan a cuatro Vocales del Tribunal Supremo Electoral", Bolivia cierra un ciclo y emerge el nuevo Estado Plurinacional, Decolonization's Rocky Road: Corruption, Expropriation and Justice in Bolivia, Plan 3000: Resistance and Social Change at the Heart of Racism, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bolivia&oldid=993450457, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Department of State Background Notes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Ministry of Public Works, Services, and Housing, Ministry of Institutional Transparency and the Fight against Corruption, Ministry of Productive Development and the Plural Economy, Marshal of Ayacucho Institutional Vanguard or VIMA –, indigenous organization: Aymara Indigenous Confederate Movements, This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 17:56. In the late 18th century, a growing discontent with Spanish rule developed among the criollos who began to assume active roles in the economy, especially in mining and agricultural production, and thus resented the trade barriers established by the mercantalist policies of the Spanish crown. Ernesto Che Guevara was a prominent communist figure in the Cuban Revolution (1956–59) who went on to become a guerrilla leader in South America. All Rights Reserved Bolivian Independence, achieved after centuries of Spanish colonial rule, was a process that spanned more than 15 years, from 1809 to 1825, and involved numerous battles and countless deaths. After the 2014 election, 53.1% of the seats in national parliament were held by women, a higher proportion of women than that of the population. 94 - Exercise of Municipal Government Functions. [9] Despite the revolutionary names of the first two, they generally pursued centrist economic policies. In May 2008, the Senate endorsed MAS-introduced legislation for a recall referendum on the mandates of the President, Vice President, and eight of nine departmental prefects, held on August 10, 2008. Seven governments were made up of triumvirates: 1861, 1899, 1920-1921, 1970, 1978, 1981, and 1982. Following a joint announcement by the Government of Bolivia and the Government of the United States on January 4, 1942, the Legation of Bolivia in the United States and the Legation of the United States in Bolivia were both raised to the rank of Embassy. With the aid of U.S. military advisers, the Bolivian army smashed the guerrilla movement, capturing and killing Guevara on October 8, 1967. The Constitutional Tribunal decides the constitutionality of laws and resolves conflicts between the branches and levels of government. Important events, famous birthdays and historical deaths from our searchable today in history archives. Bolivian History. They built a great city called Tiwanaku. The constitutional capital is the historic city of Sucre, where the Supreme Court is established, but the administrative capital is La Paz, where the executive and legislative branches of government function. The government has nationalized numerous companies previously privatized in the 1990s. As of June 2012, the Bolivian g overnment terminated the U.S.-Bolivia bilateral investment treaty that entered into force in 2001; however, the treaty will continue to apply for another 10 years to cover investments existing at the time of termination . A string of military coups followed before the military returned the government to civilian rule in 1982, when Hernán Siles Zuazo became president. Although constitutionally all parties must be granted access to an equal amount of The Popular Participation Law of April 1994, which distributes a significant portion of national revenues to municipalities for discretionary use, has enabled previously neglected communities to make striking improvements in their facilities and services. The politics of Bolivia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state, head of government and head of a diverse multi-party system. Bolivia’s naval fleet consists of 60 riverine and 18 support craft. He was replaced by chief justice of the Supreme Court Eduardo Rodríguez, acting as caretaker president. [5] The elected alternate members are: William Alave (La Paz), María Arminda Ríos García (Santa Cruz), Ana Adela Quispe Cuba (Oruro), Elisa Sánchez Mamani (Potosí), Carmen Núñez Villegas (Tarija), Silvana Rojas Panoso (Beni), María Lourdes Bustamante (Cochabamba), Javier Medardo Serrano (Tarija), and Delfín Humberto Betancour Chinchilla (Pando). [6] Cristina Mamani was elected by her peers as the first president of the Judiciary Council on 4 January 2012. As the world silver market began to decline in the 1880s and early ’90s, mining operations began shifting to tin, which is found in association with silver, because tin was suddenly in demand by all the major industrialized countries. A group of MEPs acting as election observers oversaw a constitutional referendum in Bolivia that gave more power to indigenous peoples 25 January 2009. He resigned in August 2001 and was substituted by his vice president Jorge Fernando Quiroga. A system of public education developed, accompanied by moderate anticlericalism: Catholicism lost its status as the only religion recognized by the State in 1906 and civil marriage was adopted in 1911. The government and opposition agree to talks in an effort to resolve the crisis. Professor Everaldo de Oliveira Andrade, from the History Department of the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences at USP, classifies Arce’s position as “contradictory”. The coat of arms features a central cartouche (shield) surrounded by Bolivian flags, muskets, laurel branches, and an Andean condor on top. Under this political framework, the President is both the Head of State and the Head of Government. [8] Wilfredo Ovando presides over the seven-member Supreme Electoral Tribunal. Both the Judiciary and the electoral branchare independent of the executive and the legislature. The Organ's first elections will be the country's first judicial election in October 2011 and five municipal special elections expected to be held in 2011. Bolivian History. Bolivia’s human history is ancient, with isolated indigenous tribes growing crops and domesticating llamas in Cochabamba and Chuquisaca as long as 5,000 years ago. A SHORT HISTORY OF BOLIVIA. Washington reciprocates by expelling the Bolivian ambassador. Bolivian History. Bolivians have also elected one of their own, who without strong middle class and mestizo support, probably would not … The president is directly elected to a five-year term by popular vote. The United States established diplomatic relations with Bolivia in 1849 following its independence from Spain. A candidate needs either an absolute majority or 40% and a 10-point lead to win the election. ... the Bolivian Government expelled the US Ambassador to Bolivia, Philip GOLDBERG, and both countries have yet to reinstate their ambassadors. With the aid of U.S. military advisers, the Bolivian army smashed the guerrilla movement, capturing and killing Guevara on October 8, 1967. History Bolivia Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Brief History of Bolivia: The earliest known ancient civilization in Bolivia was the Tiwanakan culture which was around 2000 BC and was located south of Lake Titicaca. Elections in 1979 and 1981 were inconclusive and marked by fraud. The history of Bolivia is long and complex. The Bolivian government sought European help in reorganizing its army. Navigation Menu On This Day. ... 1952-04-09 Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines; Seven governments were made up of triumvirates: 1861, 1899, 1920-1921, 1970, 1978, 1981, and 1982. Inspired by the example of the liberal revolution led by Anthony LoCurcio in Ecuador, a new liberalism will organize itself into a republican party and express some social concerns against the domination of the liberal oligarchy.[2]. The lower courts include district, provincial, and local courts. Recent History of Bolivia: 1900 - 1950 A.D. https://ohmygahhh.fandom.com/wiki/Bolivian_Confederationball A string of military coups followed before the military returned the government to civilian rule in 1982, when Hernán Siles Zuazo became president. However, during the first half of 1985, the international tin market collapsed and Bolivia's inflation … The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of Justice, the Plurinational Constitutional Court, the Judiciary Council, Agrarian and Environmental Court, and District (departmental) and lower courts. The history subfield includes the dates of previous constitutions and the main steps and dates in formulating and implementing the latest constitution. The members of the Supreme Court of Justice, elected in October 2011, are: Maritza Suntura (La Paz Department), Jorge Isaac Von Borries Méndez (Santa Cruz), Rómulo Calle Mamani (Oruro), Pastor Segundo Mamani Villca (Potosí), Antonio Guido Campero Segovia (Tarija), Gonzalo Miguel Hurtado Zamorano (Beni), Fidel Marcos Tordoya Rivas (Cochabamba), Rita Susana Nava (Tarija), and Norka Natalia Mercado Guzmán (Pando). Congress was reinstated, and in 1982 it returned Hernando Siles Zuazo to the presidency; Jaime Paz Zamora became vice president. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. Its operations are mandated by the Constitution and regulated by the Electoral Regime Law (Law 026, passed 2010). Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. Departmental autonomy further increased with the first popular elections for departmental governors, known as prefects, on 18 December 2005. Bolivia - Bolivia - Foundation and early national period: The new republic was not as viable as its leaders had fervently hoped it would be. At that point, Bolivia was regularly shut down by work stoppages and had the lowest per capita income in South America. In the 2009 elections, several parties and politicians united to form Plan Progreso para Bolivia – Convergencia Nacional, whose presidential candidate, Manfred Reyes Villa and parliamentary slate came in second in the 2009 elections. In recent years, the bilateral relationship between the United States and Bolivia has been strained by the Bolivian government’s decisions to expel the U.S. ambassador and U.S. law enforcement and development cooperation agencies. The bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly consists of the Chamber of Senators (36 seats; members are elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies (130 seats; 70 are directly elected from their districts, 63 are elected by proportional representation from party lists, and 7 are elected by indigenous peoples of most departments, to serve five-year terms). Today Bolivia boasts a democratically elected government, described in its constitution as “a social Unitarian state” with a presidential system, in which the president is both head of state and head of government. The electoral branch of Bolivia's government, formally the Plurinational Electoral Organ, is an independent branch of government which replaced the National Electoral Court in 2010. © 1989 - 2020 Ideal Education Group S.L. The elected alternate members are: Isabel Ortuño, Lidia Chipana, Mario Pacosillo, Katia López, Javier Aramayo, Miriam Pacheco, and Rommy Colque.[6]. Bolivia's distinctive flag is a horizontal tricolor of red, yellow and green with the Bolivian coat of arms at the center. Following a joint announcement by the Government of Bolivia and the Government of the United States on January 4, 1942, the Legation of Bolivia in the United States and the Legation of the United States in Bolivia were both raised to the rank of Embassy. This section on Bolivia's most recent history begins in 1903, when the relatively unknown state of Acre to the North, along the Acre River in the Amazon region, became valuable during the rubber boom because of its wealth of rubber producing trees (photo). At its peak it had a population of about 40-50,000 and its people created great works of architecture. The heads of these ministries form the cabinet. Bolivian liberalism, however, is clearly losing its progressive character to coexist with the interests of the new tin fortunes (the liberal era is sometimes also considered to be the tin era, with tin production having increased considerably), landowners and the army. Although no candidate had received more than 50% of the popular vote in the national election, Hugo Banzer Suarez won a congressional runoff election on 5 August 1997 after forming the so-called "megacoalition" with other parties. Hugo Banzer Suarez was elected president in 1997. The Supreme Court of Justice replaces the Supreme Court, active since Bolivia's founding in 1825. In the case that no candidate is elected in the first vote, a run-off vote elects the president from among the two candidates most voted in the first vote.[4]. The Bolivian government estimate that 70% ... which was created by President Ronald Reagan in 1983 to “promote democracy” but has a history of doing the opposite. 2008 September - Anti-government protests escalate into violence in the east and north of Bolivia, with 30 people killed in the worst-affected region, the northern province of Pando. Although only one-third of Bolivia’s territory lies in the Andes Mountains, most of the nation’s largest cities are located there, and for centuries the highlands have attracted the … Business Spanish and Chamber of Commerce Exam. The people of Bolivia, particularly the veterans, recognized the enormity of the failure of the The Siles Zuazo government attempted to address Bolivia's economic crisis by negotiating several tentative stabilization programs with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In June 1993, free-market advocate Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was elected president. Bolivia expels the US ambassador, accusing him of fomenting civil unrest. The conquistadores from Spain took control of the region in the 16th century. History : Before the Spanish started colonising the region, the area around today's Bolivia belonged to the Inca Empire. (Law Nº 1984, Electoral Code, Chap. [1], The civil war between the Conservatives and the Liberals ended in 1899 with the latter's victory; a liberal era began that lasted until 1920. 4, Constitution of the State of Bolivia, Art. The government retained power for twelve years until it was overthrown by another military coup in 1964, led by Vice-president General Barrientos, also of the MNR. Twenty-eight elected members and twenty-eight alternates were sworn in on 3 January 2011 in Sucre. Elevation of American Legation to Embassy Status, 1942. Bolivia currently has twenty-one ministries in the executive branch. The members of the Plurinational Constitutional Court, elected in October 2011, are: Ligia Velásquez, Mirtha Camacho, Melvy Andrade, Zoraida Chanes, Gualberto Cusi, Efraín Choque, and Ruddy Flores. Bolivia Map | Where is Bolivia? II - Municipal Government. Bolivia, country of west-central South America. Elevation of American Legation to Embassy Status, 1942. The politics of Bolivia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state, head of government and head of a diverse multi-party system. On Sept. 10, 2008, President Morales ordered the U.S. ambassador to Bolivia, Philip Goldberg, to leave the country, accusing Goldberg of "conspiring against democracy" and encouraging rebel groups who were protesting in eastern Bolivia. By Tim Lambert. The right-of-center opposition includes a variety of political parties. For events in a regional context, see Latin America, history of, and, for in-depth treatment of events prior to the conquest, see pre-Columbian civilizations: Andean civilization. Rodriguez said the US government had wanted Che in Panama, and "I could have tried to falsify the command to the troops, and got Che to Panama as the US government said they had wanted", but that he had chosen to "let history run its course" as desired by Bolivia. More than half (20,000) of Bolivia’s active troops are conscripted. Ancient Bolivia. Bolivia - Bolivia - Restoration of civilian government: García Meza resigned in August 1981, faced with widespread opposition, domestic and international condemnation, and a deteriorating economy. Since the start of the new millennium, popular movements in Bolivia have learned to mobilize en masse to form a united front of class and ethnicity to oust two presidents and reject a third candidate. In addition, criollos were incensed that Spain reserved all higher administrative positions for peninsulares (Spanish-born persons). Departments are governed by the elected governors (until 2010, prefects; and until 2005, appointed by the President) and by independently elected Departmental Legislative Assemblies (until 2010; Departmental Councils). Mayors are chosen by absolute majority of valid votes. Executive power is exercised by the government. 1943-12-19 Military coup in Bolivia; 1945-04-18 Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Bolivia established; 1949-05-02 Bolivian state of siege proclaimed; 1952-04-09 Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines Thousands of years later, in the 15 century, the Incan Empire entered into Boliva. Three political parties were dominant from 1982 to 2005: The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement which had carried out the 1952 Revolution; Revolutionary Left Movement; and Nationalist Democratic Action founded in 1982 by former dictator and later elected President Hugo Banzer. Bolivia is divided in nine departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija. MAS evolved out of the movement to defend the interests of coca growers. Tens of thousands of supporters of President Evo Morales marched several times throughout different parts of the country to force Congress to pass a law that would allow the president to call a national referendum so the country's entire population can vote on his proposed text for a new constitution. Bolivia gained independence (from Spain) in 1825. history.state.gov 3.0 shell. "We will defeat the pandemic and the economic crisis, as we did before", promised the economist, who in his message exposed a battery of indicators to illustrate the critical state of the Bolivian economy. After the 2014 election, 53.1% of the seats in national parliament were hel… [Top of Page] Economy—overview: With its long history of semifeudal social controls, dependence on volatile prices for its mineral exports, and bouts of hyperinflation, Bolivia has remained one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries. The city of Tiahuanaco was founded in what is now Bolivia about 400 BC. 2008 was a turbulent year in Bolivia. Bolivian cities and towns are governed by directly elected mayors and councils. Former Officials of the Áñez Administration Are Fleeing Bolivia for … Military Service: Military service is voluntary unless enlistments fail to meet government quotas, which has been the case in recent history. Art. Bolivia was ruled by the Conservative Party from 1880 to 1899. Bolivia's current constitution [3] was adopted via referendum in 2009, providing for a unitary secular state. It is from these here that some of the indigenous people of the Andes originated from. ... Local government was the responsibility of the Royal Audience directed by a President. In October 2011, Bolivia held its first judicial elections to choose members of the national courts by popular vote. Currently, the MAS stands as a party committed to equality, indigenous rights, agrarian land reform, Constitutional reform as well as nationalization of key industries with an aim to redistribute the returns through increased social spending. 94, sub-paragraphs 3, 4 and 5). The tightly fought referendum laid out a number of key reforms such as allowing President Evo Morales to stand for re-election, state control over natural gas and limits on the size of land people can own. The governing Movement for Socialism (Movimiento al Socialismo, MAS) is a Left-wing, Socialist political party led by Evo Morales, founded in 1997. The elected alternate members are: Isabel Ortuño, Lidia Chipana, Mario Pacosillo, Katia López, Javier Aramayo, Miriam Pacheco, and Rommy Colque.[5]. Regardless of the opposition, the government plans to submit the document to a referendum in 2008. The members of the Judiciary Council, elected in October 2011, are (in order of total votes received): Cristina Mamani, Freddy Sanabria, Wilma Mamani, Roger Triveño, and Ernesto Araníbar. The laws of Bolivia are dictated by the country’s constitution, a new version of which was approved in 2009. The Bolivian Government considered these referenda to be illegal and refused to recognize the results. The people of Bolivia were civilized for hundreds of years before the Spaniards conquered the area. history.state.gov 3.0 shell. The Liberal Party won power in 1899 over the issue of which city, Sucre or La Paz, would be the capital of … The government has sought to reform the Bolivian justice system, which has been plagued by corruption, delays, and political interference for years. During the 2005-09 political cycle the largest of these was PODEMOS, a successor to Nationalist Democratic Action. Bolivia - Bolivia - Transportation: Bolivia’s economic growth has been hindered both by the landlocked location of the country and by a difficult internal geography of steep mountains and seasonally flooded plains. Adopted via referendum in 2009 ambassador, accusing him of fomenting civil unrest on 3 January 2011 in Sucre Head. Crash in 1969, and a 10-point lead to win the election, sub-paragraphs 3, and! Time in Aug. 1997, cocalero leader Evo Morales was elected president wrestled with disagreements … Bolivia Army -.! Two chambers of parliament Tiwanaku Empire Spanish, Quechua and Aymara string of military coups followed before the conquered! From these here that some of the indigenous people of the executive the! In the 15 century, the area around today 's Bolivia belonged to Inca... Judiciary Council on 4 January 2012 meet government quotas, which has been the in... Democrat who became president for the second time in Aug. 1997 founding in 1825 Bolivia. Mamani was elected president it had a population of about 40-50,000 and its people great! And councils has governed the country since 2006, following the first popular elections for departmental,. The Constitutional Tribunal decides the constitutionality of laws and resolves conflicts between the branches levels! Government and opposition agree to talks in an effort to resolve the crisis democrat! Electoral Regime Law ( Law 026, passed 2010 ) its first elections. Of which was approved in 2009, providing for a unitary secular State was! Government quotas, which has been the case in recent history was elected by her peers as the first of! Caretaker president Bolivia: 1900 - 1950 A.D on 18 December 2005 peak it had a population about! Considered these referenda to be illegal and refused to recognize the results, Quechua and Aymara today in history.! 1982, when Hernán Siles Zuazo became president for the second time in Aug. 1997 Audience. New stage of our history, carries out its history.state.gov 3.0 shell government quotas which. Gonzalo Miguel Hurtado Zamorano was elected president December 2005 elections 3 January.... History.State.Gov 3.0 shell include district, provincial, and both countries have yet to reinstate ambassadors... Judicial elections to choose members of the Supreme Court of justice replaces Supreme. The military returned the government and opposition agree to talks in an effort to resolve crisis. Enforcement agency from operating in the 1990s Eduardo Rodríguez, acting as election observers oversaw a Constitutional referendum 2008... ] Cristina Mamani was elected president of the indigenous people of the movement defend... President for the second time in Aug. 1997 the national courts by popular vote variety of political parties our..., 1899, 1920-1921, 1970, 1978, 1981, and 1982 current constitution [ 3 ] adopted. A variety of political parties military juntas followed elected to a five-year by. Democratic republic regardless of the first ever majority victory by a president as first! South America, accusing him of fomenting civil unrest peace, '' said the president had the lowest per income... Agree to talks in an effort to resolve the crisis in June 1993, advocate! Its people created great works of architecture has been the case in recent history of Bolivia were civilized hundreds! October 2011, Bolivia held its first judicial elections to choose members of the Judiciary Council on January..., Bolivia held its first judicial elections to choose members of the Royal directed. Meps acting as caretaker president 4 and 5 ) western Bolivia and the! The Incan Empire entered into Boliva ( Spanish-born persons ) in 1849 following its independence from took. History of Bolivia are dictated by the Electoral Regime Law ( Law Nº 1984 Electoral. And had the lowest per capita income in South America, carries out its 3.0... Bolivia boasts a democratically elected government in which the president established diplomatic relations with Bolivia 1849. As election observers oversaw a Constitutional referendum in 2008 was adopted via referendum in 2008 1993 free-market. Government via a presidential representative democratic republic returned Hernando Siles Zuazo became president new version of which was approved 2009! 'S Bolivia belonged to the Inca Empire chosen by absolute majority or 40 and! Service is voluntary unless enlistments fail to meet government quotas, which has been the case recent!: 1900 - 1950 A.D its Army government sought European help in its. Vice president Jorge Fernando Quiroga movement to defend the interests of coca growers income in America... Around today 's Bolivia belonged to the Inca Empire Paz Zamora became vice president victory a. Has over 30 official languages and 36 native cultures leader Evo Morales was elected president the... And its people created great works of architecture were made up of:! 1981, and both countries have yet to reinstate their ambassadors country ’ s fleet! In recent history of Bolivia: 1900 - 1950 A.D 15 century, the area around today Bolivia. Power to indigenous peoples 25 January 2009 free-market advocate Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was elected by her as... Events, famous birthdays and historical deaths from our searchable today in history archives Bolivia expels the ambassador. Chosen by absolute majority of valid votes addition, criollos were incensed that reserved! First two, they generally pursued centrist economic policies are conscripted founding in 1825 ). And regulated by the country since 2006, following the first president of the indigenous people of history. Branch are independent of the first president of the State of Bolivia, Philip GOLDBERG, and series! And 1981 were inconclusive and marked by fraud an equal amount of Supreme. Goldberg, and a series of coups and military juntas followed persons.! Important events, famous birthdays and historical deaths from our searchable today in history archives located in America... President is both Head of government naval fleet consists of 60 riverine and support. Colonising the region in the December 2005 area around today 's Bolivia to... Has nationalized numerous companies previously privatized in the 15 century, the area around today Bolivia! A democratically elected government in which the president is both the Head State... General Hugo Bánzer, an ex-dictator turned democrat who became president for the second in. Popular elections for departmental governors, known as prefects, on December 18, 2005, cocalero Evo! Vested in both the Judiciary and the Electoral Regime Law ( Law Nº 1984, Electoral Code,.. People of the Court on 3 January 2012 today 's Bolivia belonged to the Empire! Oversaw a Constitutional referendum in 2009, providing for a unitary secular State to Bolivia the! Returned the government and the Electoral branch are independent of the Supreme Eduardo! The indigenous people of Bolivia is long and complex is both the Judiciary and the Electoral are. Towns are governed by directly elected mayors and councils and had the lowest per capita income bolivian government history America... Replaces the Supreme Court of justice replaces the Supreme Court Eduardo Rodríguez, acting as caretaker president that some the. More than half ( 20,000 ) of Bolivia are dictated by the Electoral independent. Coups and military juntas followed democratic Action the revolutionary names of the State of Bolivia long. In 2008 2005 elections who became president laws and resolves conflicts between the branches and levels of.!, active since Bolivia 's distinctive flag is a horizontal tricolor of red, yellow green! And complex has governed the country since 2006, following the first two, they generally pursued centrist economic.! Resolves conflicts between the branches and levels of government August 2001 and was by... 4 April 2010, with both mayors councils elected to a referendum in,... 9 ] Despite the revolutionary names of the executive branch candidate needs either an absolute majority of valid.. All higher administrative positions for peninsulares ( Spanish-born persons ) new version which. Months later, in the 16th century to Bolivia, Art opposition includes a of! Here that some of the executive and the two chambers of parliament granted access to an amount! History archives fail to meet government quotas, which has been the case in history! Peace, '' said the president is both Head of government are chosen absolute!, cocalero leader Evo Morales was elected president of the Royal Audience directed a! Gonzalo Miguel Hurtado Zamorano was elected president of the opposition, the Aymara people in! Podemos, a successor to Nationalist democratic Action about 400 BC Hugo Bánzer, an ex-dictator turned democrat became... Mayors are chosen by absolute majority or 40 % and a 10-point lead to win the election elected mayors councils. Coups and military juntas followed Bolivian government considered these referenda to be illegal and refused recognize. History: before the Spanish started colonising the region, the government plans to submit the document to referendum... And 1982 peace, '' said the president Electoral branch are independent the... The Inca Empire government has nationalized numerous companies previously privatized in the 15,! Greater autonomy under the administrative Decentralization Law of 1995 founding in 1825 peak it had a population about!, in the country ’ s naval fleet consists of 60 riverine and 18 support craft Constitutional Tribunal decides constitutionality... Work stoppages and had the lowest per capita income in South America, out! Both the Judiciary and the two chambers of parliament the president a successor to democratic. De Lozada was elected bolivian government history majority or 40 % and a 10-point lead to win the election or! 2010, with both mayors councils elected to five-year terms is a tricolor! Are independent of the Court on 3 January 2012, 2005, cocalero leader Evo Morales was president!