Type apparently not extant. Ebert, D.A. At night it goes hunting on its own. In the US, smooth hammerhead sharks are grouped with large coastal species, a group that biologists consider being most vulnerable to overfishing. Smooth hammerheads are caught by commercial fisheries throughout the world, including those off the United States (East and West Coasts), Brazil, Spain, Taiwan, the Philippines, southwestern Australia, and western Africa, primarily using gillnets and longlines. Smale, M.J. 1991. Dark olive to brownish-gray in color with a white underside. United States. Doño, F. 2008. Females become sexually mature when they’re about 250-300 cm long. In: C.M. At night it goes hunting on its own. There are 26–32 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 25–30 tooth rows in the lower jaw. Size: Hammerheads range from under 1 metre, up to the Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) averaging 3.5 metres, but with a largest reported size of 6 metres and 450kg. Rating: Countries: Australia. 2004. New Zealand non-detriment finding for smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena Hugh A Robertson New Zealand Scientific Authority for CITES Science & Policy Group Department of Conservation PO Box 10-420 Wellington NEW ZEALAND 1. Common Name: Smooth Hammerhead Shark Scientific Name:Sphyrna zygaena. The smooth hammerhead differs from other large hammerheads in the shape of its cephalofoil, which has a curved front margin without an indentation in the center. 1, Yale Univ., New Haven, Connecticut. The sharks were fitted with fin-mounted satellite tags that reported the sharks’ movements in near real time via a satellite link to the researchers. The back is dark brownish gray to olive in color, in contrast to the simple brown of most other hammerheads, becoming lighter on the flanks. Other common names used are: Arabic: Abu Garn, Akran‎, Jarjur Finnish: Isovasarahai French: Grand requin marteau German: Großer hammerhai Greek: Megalozygena Italian: Grande squalo martello, Pesce martello maggiore Japanese: Nami-shumokuzame, Hira-shumokuzame Malay: Hiu tukul, Hiu par… https://chondrichthyes.fandom.com/wiki/Smooth_hammerhead?oldid=1140. Vooren, C.M., Klippel, S. and Galina, A.B. Fishes of the western North At- lantic, Part 1. Casper, B.M. A relatively common shark, it is captured, intentionally or otherwise, by many commercial fisheries throughout its range; its fins are extremely valuable for use in shark fin soup. Of these, only 3 species occur in NSW waters – Great Hammerhead, Scalloped Hammerhead and Smooth Hammerhead. The Great Hammerhead is one of 9 species of hammerhead that occur globally. Off South Africa, newly mated females have been caught in February and females with full-term embryos in November; off the east coast of Australia, birthing takes place between January and March, with ovulation taking place around the same time. Scientific name: Sphyrna zygaena (Smooth Hammerhead) Diet: A migratory predator with a good sense of smell, it eats fish, squid, octopus, crustaceans and, in particular, stingrays. Each have slight variations to the front edge of their head…and their names hold the clue. The largest of them all is the Great Hammerhead Shark. The smooth hammerhead is the second largest species and reaches about 4 meters as an adult. They occasionally venture into freshwater; Indian River, Florida, USA (G. Burgess pers. The nursery habitats are generally smooth sandy substrate in shallow waters (10 m) (Bass et al. This shark has some of the highest-rated fins for the Asian shark fin soup market (Clarke et al., 2006). Compared to the scalloped and great hammerheads, the smooth hammerhead stays closer to the surface, in water less than 20 m (66 ft) deep. The Smooth Hammerhead Shark takes its name from the absence of any indentations on its hammer shaped head. They may come together in great numbers during their annual migrations; schools of over a hundred juveniles under 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long have been observed off the eastern Cape of South Africa, and schools thousands strong have been reported off California. 2006. This species is usually considered to be amphitemperate (absent from the tropics) in distribution, though there are rare reports from tropical waters such as in the Gulf of Mannar off India, and off southern Mozambique. However, this species has been reported in depths from 0-200 m (0-656 ft.) (Kotas, 2004; Vooren et al., 2005; Ebert, 2003). 1 Smooth hammerhead sharks mate via internal fertilization and give birth to live young. Common hammerhead. Identification of shark species by SEM observation of denticle of shark fins. Smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena). Females bear relatively large litters of 20–50 pups after a gestation period of 10–11 months. As in the rest of its family, this shark is viviparous and gives birth to litters of 20–40 pups. Smooth Hammerhead: NSW, VIC, TAS, SA, WA . The smalleye hammerhead ( Sphyrna tudes ), also called the golden hammerhead or curry shark, is a small species of hammerhead shark, belonging to the family Sphyrnidae. This species is common in the shallow coastal waters of … The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. Hammerhead fins are considered a delicacy in many countries. In the western Indian Ocean, the smooth hammerhead occurs off the coasts of South Africa, India, and Sri Lanka. and named Squalus zygaena; however, this name was later changed to current scientific species name of Sphyrna zygaena (Linneaus 1758) (Bester n.d.). Hammerheads are considered potentially dangerous. Within the hammerhead family, several species are differentiated from each other by variations within the cephalophoil. Every species has two Latin names which allow people to be certain they are talking about the same creature no matter what language they speak. In northern Europe, the smooth hammerhead feeds on herring and seabass, while in North America it takes Spanish mackerel and menhaden. The head is indented opposite each nostril. Males mature at roughly 250-260 cm (8.2-8.5 ft.) and females at 265 cm (8.7 ft.) (Stevens, 1984). More >> Links and … The pups measure 50–61 cm (20–24 in) long at birth; females reach maturity at 2.7 m (8.9 ft) long and males at 2.1–2.5 m (6.9–8.2 ft) long, depending upon locality. In the Atlantic, it occurs from Nova Scotia to the Virgin Islands and from Brazil to southern Argentina in the west, and from the British Isles to Côte d'Ivoire, including the Mediterranean Sea, in the east. Relatively few attacks have been attributed to this species due to its common occurrence in temperate rather than tropical waters where humans are more likely to enter the water. These hammerhead sharks are on the Finalised Priority Assessment List of items currently under assessment by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee for inclusion in the national threatened species list under the EPBC Act. The nostrils are located near the ends of the cephalofoil, with long grooves running towards the center. Fewer than 10 smooth hammerheads were caught annually in the nets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from 1978–1990. The head (or cephalophoil) of a Smooth Hammerhead is smooth and more rounded in shape. The second-largest hammerhead next to the great hammerhead, the smooth hammerhead typically measures 2.5–3.5 m (8.2–11.5 ft) long, with a maximum recorded length and weight of 5 m (16 ft) and 400 kg (880 lb) respectively. The smooth hammerhead shark is one of the larger hammerhead species, reaching average lengths of 8 to 11.5 feet (2.5 to 3.5 m) and a maximum length 16.4 feet (5 m) and weight of 880 pounds (400 kg). Their scientific name is actually Sphyrna lewini.They are able to reach a … and named Squalus zygaena; however, this name was later changed to current scientific species name of Sphyrna zygaena (Linneaus 1758) (Bester n.d.). Biological observations on sharks caught by sports fishermen off New South Wales. The Greek name zýgaina had already been used for the hammerhead shark by Aristotle in the second book of his History of Animals. 20-50 pups are born after a 10-11 month gestation period (Ebert, 2003; Stevens, 1984). Why have two species of hammerhead sharks been listed? It is the second largest Hammerhead species and usually ranges from brown to dark green with a white belly. Broad and narrow-bladed head with a broadly arched anterior margin and no median indentation. Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras of California. The hammerhead sharks are recognized by their laterally expanded head that resembles a hammer (hence the common name “hammerhead”). The nostrils are located near the ends of the cephalofoil, with long grooves running towards the center. 1948. Salt/Fresh: Salt. The scalloped hammerhead shark belongs to the order carcharhiniformes, of the family Sphyrnidae sharks and genus Sphyrna. Hammerhead Shark (sphyrna zygaena) is a fish type animal. Scalloped Hammerhead Shark probably the most common species of hammerheads found on coastlines. Parturition (giving birth) and mating happen during the spring, with females ovulating soon after giving birth (Bass et al., 1975; Stevens, 1984). Scientific name: Sphyrna zygaena The smooth hammerhead shark is found in nearly all warm temperature and tropical waters. As you might guess by its name, the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) is the largest of the hammerhead sharks. Other common names for this species include common hammerhead, common smooth hammerhead, round-headed hammerhead, or simply hammerhead. and in the Rio de la Plata estuary in Uruguay (Doño 2008). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The Smooth Hammerhead is also taken by the commercial line fishery and recreational game fishery off New South Wales (NSW) where combined hammerhead commercial catches have averaged ~3 t in the last five years. 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