pros and cons of spanish colonization in the philippines

This paved the way to the alienation of much of native landholdings, individual as well as communal, and their eventual concentration in private hands. By the second half of the 18th century, with the decline of the Galleon Trade, policies were adopted to promote domestic Philippine economic development. Such traces of Islam as there were in the North were quickly rooted out by the Spanish, before they had had time to modify the existing traditional society. The rapid and massive influx of people overwhelmed whatever capacity government had in catering to people’s needs. Spain used Manila as base of operation for its centralized colonial administration of the Philippines because of its strategic location and other advantages. POSITIVELY FILIPINO is the premier digital native magazine celebrating the story of the global Filipino. Despite the difference between French and British colonialism, the impact on blacks remained the same, and is clearly displayed through the gradual assimilation with each foreign group. The Philippine were discovered in 1521 by the Spanish. By the second half of the 19th century, the Philippines had become primarily an exporter of agricultural raw materials and importer of manufactured goods. Moreover, less obvious than during the Spanish era but no less unjust, the natural resources of the Philippines were developed to support the commercial and industrial interests of the colonizer, this time the United States. In the wake of modern civilization, globalization connected the world closer and closer. Here are some of the important pros and cons of American Imperialism you can consider: List of Pros of American Imperialism. 1 Better Health and Education. Parish schools were established where religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was taught. Free trade with the United States not only perpetuated economic inequality, it also fostered the continued political dominance of the traditional landed and educated elite of Philippine society, a consequence with lasting significance for the government of the city of Manila. Under the Americans, Manila grew and rapidly developed following a plan for the development of the city prepared in 1905 by the Chicago Architect Daniel H. Burnham. Second disadvantage is the unfair balance of power between the colony and colonizer. The policy aimed at bringing the people debajo de las campanas – within the hearing distance of the church bells. In the first years of American rule, Philippine exports exceeded imports. However, here are different. TheCenterfor Philippine Studies at theUniversity ofHawaii at Manoain 1992embarked onanambitious programtoexaminecritically themeaningandimpactofthe"AgeofDiscovery" on Philippine culture and society following Columbus' voyage to the Americas in 1492. A Short History of the Philippines. Although the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines was established in Cebu by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in 1565, the scarcity of food supplies forced him to move, first to the island of Panay and later to Manila in May 1570 based on a favorable report from Martin de Goiti who learned of the busy port of Manila from the Chinese and other Asian traders. Spanish colonization of the Philippines brought the disadvantages of foreign diseases to the natives. The influx of American officials, soldiers, teachers, and businessmen into the city led to the immediate construction and improvement of urban amenities. The little island nation is culturally diverse due to its long history of Spanish and US occupation, and many of the larger islands have their own language, foods, and religious influences. It was this extremely profitable trade, centered in Manila, that greatly determined the initial pattern of development for the Philippines as a whole and Manila, in particular, under Spanish rule (Phelan, 1959). Before the Spanish arrived, land ownership was largely communal and land use was based on usufruct rights. The POSITIVELY FILIPINO online magazine chronicles the experiences of the global Filipino in all its complexity, providing analysis and discussion about the arts, culture, politics, media, sports, economics, history and social justice. People often get confused between colonialism and imperialism; they are actually quite similar and the only difference is that imperialism focuses more on the culture and changing it. While the Philippines is a free nation, it has a rich history of expansionism, from the Spanish to the Americans (Lasado, 2014). New York: International Publishers, 1970), Shalom, Stephen R.. Philippine Acceptance of the Bell Trade Act of 1946: A Study of Manipulative Democracy. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1959. The Spanish control and exploitation of Manila and the rest of the country were facilitated enormously by three factors: (1) the policy of reduccion or forced resettlement (2) the institution of private land ownership, and (3) the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. Private property, as established by the Spanish colonizers, is evidenced by the possession of a title, which was a form of wealth. Pros - Education, System of Government, Democracy, English, Cultural influence. These products were loaded into the galleons and brought to Acapulco. But as government operations normalized beginning in February 1945, as schools reopened, and as commerce and industry resumed their activities, Manila residents left their places of evacuation and rejoined life in the city. With foreign competition also leading to the destruction of traditional textile and other industries, there was consequently widespread economic dislocation and suffering among agricultural and urban workers. Unfortunately, this is exactly what the British did to the Africans. During the early years of Spanish rule in the Philippines. Marching westward for more than a century, conquering and displacing Native Americans and Mexicans, the U.S. had reached the limits of continental expan-sion. SUPERVISOR: IVAR HENDLA. When the Spanish and Portuguese thrones were united, ships from Japan and Portuguese ships from Malacca, India, Siam, Cambodia, and Borneo also came to Manila bringing spices, precious stones, ivory silk, and other products. While the city of Manila and its surrounding areas prospered from the Galleon Trade, the rest of the country remained economically stagnant during the first two centuries of Spanish rule. Direct participation in the Galleon Trade was limited to the Spaniards in Manila – the merchants, civil servants and religious orders – who served as commercial intermediaries, and the Chinese traders at the “Parian.” The native population were excluded, supposedly because of their lack of capital and trading experience. The Spanish Colonization in the Philippines. The Chinese were confined in the community of Binondo, now Binondo district of Manila, which is recognized as the first and biggest Chinatown in the world. The historical development and transformation of Manila and its surrounding areas mirrors that of the entire nation. POLITICAL SCIENCE. Parks, public recreation areas, social clubs, drinking bars and other attractions the Americans were accustomed to were developed. At the end of American rule, the Philippines remained a “one crop economy almost entirely dependent on the United States as market and supplier of manufactured goods.”. System of Education -Schools were built for the Filipino citizen that teaches about the good formation including the rights and responsibilities of each person. The war years had resulted in massive destruction of the city and greatly reduced its population. The Hispanization of the Philippines: Spanish Aims and Filipino Responses, 1565 – 1700. It has 17 regions, 122 cities, and 42,025 barangays. Who would have imagined almost four centuries ago that out of the palisaded Muslim settlement of some 2,000 inhabitants, Manila would emerge as an urban complex? More articles from Nathaniel "Dinky" Von Einsiedel. The Spanish government divided the lands of the Philippines into provinces, cities, municipalities and towns to better administer and oversee matters. Advantages Of Spanish Colonization In The Philippines 965 Words | 4 Pages. Reduccion greatly aided the organization of local government in the country. Headed by a chief called datu, these communities were social units or kinship groups rather than political units. With its strategic location at the mouth of the Pasig River and Manila Bay, Manila was initiated by the Spaniards into its role as the gateway to the Americas, attributing to it an urban dimension. Throughout the 350 years under Spain and 50 years under the United States, the colonizers co-opted the traditional Filipino landed and educated elite into the colonial government based in Manila, perpetuating the latter's social, economic and political domination of Philippine society, a consequence which is felt up to the present. The Philippines: A Past Revisited. It doesn’t mean they will cut the communication permanently but it shows the Philippines must stand and not only hoping for the support coming from the Americans. It directly affected the formulation of national economic and development policies. Sparked by the brief Spanish-Cuban-American War of 1898, the Philippine War marked an important step in America’s emergence as a global power. Like Manila, small, relatively isolated barangays were already existing in the Philippines long before the Spaniards came. They came back in huge numbers and were augmented by migrants from the provinces that were also devastated by the war, in search of jobs, greater security and education. The country is divided into three main areas: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. In retrospect, Manila’s prosperity as brought by the Galleon Trade contributed to rapid urbanization. Manila remained the colonial capital under American rule. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1976. With more government studies on housing, the Legislature appropriated funds to construct low-cost houses for laborers mostly in Quezon City since it had a much bigger land area than Manila. Spain is one of the foreign countries that colonized our country for more than three hundred years. Mentor Books. However, the Americans did little to alter the basic socio-economic structure that the Spaniards had left behind (Agoncillo, 1969). For one, they created the transistor, which allowed people to listen to live broadcasts of current news and events. Nevertheless, during most of the 250 years of the Galleon Trade, the Chinese were able to secure control of the internal retail trade and credit facilities in the country, becoming a dominant economic group. Adam Smith mentioned that the Galleon trade in Manila was significant as it generated a lot of silver. 1. The trade began in 1565, and until 1813, the galleons sailed regularly each year from Manila to Acapulco, bringing oriental goods and returning with mail from Spain and silver from Mexico. And that is the reason why many foreign countries had colonized our country. They had subsistence economies with agricultural production geared mainly to the needs of the community. Southern Philippines, in the islands which the Spanish never controlled. No unity, no proper government, divided tribes. The Spanish missionaries also used Manila as initiating point of their evangelization activities. The racism of contemporary times has only shifted form and is used against minorities in the form, The thingification of indigenous African people equates to European colonization in a way that inevitably works to the disadvantage of the oppressor’s victims. Gust 12241 Its expanded population stimulated agricultural production and industry around its area. The British took over their land basically without the Africans knowledge. The parity clause of the Bell Trade Act provided that: “The disposition, development and utilization of all agricultural, timber, and mineral lands of the public domain, the waters, minerals coal, petroleum, and mineral resources of the Philippines, and the operations of public utilities, shall, if open to any person, be open to citizens of the United States and to all forms of business enterprise owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by United States citizens.”. The Americans introduced universal public education with English as medium of instruction, the ideals and institutions of American democracy, and modern amenities of urban living. Farming communities around Manila and as far as Pampanga sent their crops down the Pasig River to the village of Manila where these were traded with Chinese products (Constantino, 1975). Consequently, towards the end of the American regime, Manila’s pre-war problems like congestion, poverty, slums, inadequate public services and other urban problems were not only evident but had escalated and become critical. The rise of large land estates around Manila was stimulated by the increasing profitability of agricultural production because of the city’s expanding population. This notion could be defined in different ways. This essay will focus on concept colonialism and its reasons. The colonization of the Philippines contributed to growth of science and technology in the archipelago. Cushner, Nicolas P. Spain in the Philippines: From Conquest to Revolution. Similar to the time of Spanish rule, the Philippines was economically exploited during the American regime to support the colonial bureaucracy in the capital city of Manila, and less obvious than during the Spanish era but no less unjust, the country's natural resources were developed to support the commercial and industrial interests of the new colonizer, the United States. Example such as the relationship between Britain and India will demonstrate this. The Pros And Cons Of Early English Colonization 1250 Words | 5 Pages. Colonialism developed from imperialism, which can, Lulwa Al woqayyan Rice production shifted to production of profitable export crops, causing rice shortages in the country. “Globalization is the process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout, Colonialism occurs when one nation takes control of another. In most academic writing, Africa’s economic growth was understood to be limited during the period of colonialism, however in Bayart’s writing, it is explained how African societies used “dependence as a mode of action” to reap benefits for themselves. The Tydings-McDuffie Law or The Philippine Rehabilitation Act and the Bell or Philippine Trade Act, both enacted by the United States Congress on April 30, 1946, two months before Philippine independence, made sure that the Philippines would continue to be economically under the control of the Americans. Some may say that giving the Philippines an opportunity to become bilingual learning English and knowing their own dialect, was a benefit from the U.S. colonization (PH 2006) Another Pro that some would agree upon is the fact that the Philippines had a weak government (PH 2006). The Spanish at first viewed the Philippines as a stepping-stone to the riches of the East Indies (Spice Islands), but, even after the Portuguese and Dutch had foreclosed that possibility, the Spanish still maintained their presence in the archipelago. The purpose of this paper is to make connections of the key ideas of Robert Bartlett’s use of these words ethnicity and colonization in his book “The Hanged Man” drawing from his own explanations from his articles, “Medieval and Modern Concepts of Race and Ethnicity” and “Medieval and Modern Colonialism.” Bartlett attempts, in his own discussions, Advantages and Disadvantages of Colonialism. Among the barangays, Manila had indicated prominence much early on. The personal and economic insecurity that hounded the Tagalogs became the harbinger of the land problems underneath whose weight the Filipino peasantry is still struggling. Defenders of modern imperialism and colonialism long pleaded their case in terms, In the late 1700’s and early 1800’s, colonialism was a constant threat to the Natives living in the Americas. Given the limited number of missionaries at the time, the Synod of Manila adopted the policy of reduccion or deliberate resettlement of the population to facilitate mass conversion to Catholicism. Philippines - Philippines - Martial law: In September 1972 Marcos declared martial law, claiming that it was the last defense against the rising disorder caused by increasingly violent student demonstrations, the alleged threats of communist insurgency by the new Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and the Muslim separatist movement of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). Colonialism has impacted many countries; it is the act of a strong and resourceful country taking over a weaker country. In order to understand and appreciate its contemporary problems and challenges, it will be helpful to look back briefly at certain events in its history that planted the seeds of many of its present conditions. The Spanish introduced formal education and founded scientific institution. Filipino leaders were divided in their reaction to the Bell Trade Act. Cons: Military conquest, political subjugation, lots of killing, dissent supression and in short, all the usual “cons” of being part of an empire trough military means. 6. Manila’s harbor was modernized. Manila Post Office Building, Intramuros with San Agustin Church, Manila, February 1945. Bowling for Columbine Michael Moore Documentary. Pomeroy, William J. American Neo-Colonialism: Its Emergence in the Philippines and Asia. As the Tagalogs lost their individual and communal lands, they became tenants, share-croppers, and paid or unpaid farm laborers, who were ultimately pushed to revolt against their foreign exploiters. The Philippines was colonized by the Spanish for over 300 years – up until the end of the Spanish –American War in 1898. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1959. The new landholdings by usurpation were easily legitimized by government resurvey and payment of a fee. It usually imposes on the country, taking advantage of it. Perhaps, the most significant, far-reaching, and enduring instrument the Spaniards introduced that has altered Philippine economic and social structure is the institution of private land ownership. Unlike the Spaniards, the Chinese had more intermarriages with the native population. On the other hand, many resented the discriminatory parity clause and continuing control over the monetary exchange policy. Increased activities by foreign merchants in Manila and other ports provided employment for Filipinos as commercial agents and brokers, giving rise to a Filipino middle class that was especially evident in Manila and its suburbs where commerce and industry were concentrated. But still, the meaning of colonialism and imperialism are debatable, Colonialism has influenced globalization, and in the key areas of economy and politics. The Spanish colonization of the Philippines brought about numerous influences because the Spaniards had the luxury of time in penetrating the Filipino culture. Colonialism and its negative affects The Filipino-American War lasted over three years, but the sporadic resistance to the new regime continued for many years. A156110TASB11 COLONIALISM THOUGH IT’S METHOD ARE EXTREME, HASTENS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATION MORE THAN IMPERIALISM. But if Spain contributed to the fertilization of the Philippine heritage and the “Europeanization” of its environment, America further invigorated it with the Anglo-Saxon way of life, the “city-beautiful” concept, and the English language. Consequently, much of the friar estates ended up in the hands of the Filipino elite as well as American individuals and corporations. Report on Human Resource Management on Nestle Kabirwala Ltd. They also organized a system of popularly elected local government officials and set up a national legislature where Filipinos were gradually allowed to participate in the governance of their affairs. We can see American use its power to help Philippines taking out of Spanish colony. The “friar estates” were expanded through additional purchase, donations from Spaniards and Filipinos, and usurpation of contiguous Tagalog landholdings, usually communal lands. The staple food was rice, but root crops and cotton were cultivated, and any surplus was bartered with the crops of other barangays and whatever household needs of the inhabitants. Although the United States granted political independence to the Philippines in 1946, it retained control over 23 army, navy, and air force bases in the country and continued to exercise significant control over the direction of reconstruction and subsequent Philippine economic development. XLIX, No. Policies to broaden economic development and cover the entire country during the second half of the 18th century opened Manila and other ports to world trade. Bigger than the British, French, and Dutch East India Companies trade with Europe, it thrived for almost two and a half centuries. Result of these are, we adapted their culture, traditions, and even their languages which we used until today. Superpowers, like America, bring with them modern technologies and introduce these to smaller nations. The Galleon Trade was the first and biggest monopolistic trade between Asia and the Americas. Quezon City: Tala Publishing Corp., 1975. Cons for the United States Many Filipinos were very resistant to US control. Pomeroy, William J. American Neo-Colonialism: Its Emergence in the Philippines and Asia. Spain claimed to have conquered the New World first with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, while the English … Agriculture increase, providing more work for Filipinos after some 30 years, the of. Land basically without the Africans knowledge years, the Americans did little alter. Natural resources ( Editors Blog ), FacebookTwitterGoogle+Sign up for email updates, ©2018 all rights reserved the majority Filipinos. Spanish domination was established with minimum use of force and control was secured largely by the Spaniards and out. A section of Manila and surrounding barangays remained largely at subsistence level clause would subsequently be used to exert on... 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