This life stage represents one mechanism by which species might colonize Arctic waters via the advective transport of cysts from southern regions. IFCB images. A review of the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium occurring in Brazilian coastal waters is presented based on both published information and new data. In Puget Sound, the toxic alga Alexandrium catenella threatens people who eat shellfish contaminated with the algal toxin. Photographs taken at 12-h exposure of the test showing that ephyrae coexist with Alexandrium catenella ACDH01 (with 3.0 × 10 5 cells L −1). Distribution. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech is widely distributed in temperate coastal waters throughout the world (Hallegraeff, 1993) and is responsible for many outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Seven Alexandrium species have been recorded from Brazil so far: Alexandrium catenella, Alexandrium fraterculus, Alexandrium gaardnerae, Alexandrium kutnerae, Alexandrium tamiyavanichi, Alexandrium tamutum, and Alexandrium sp. The most well known harmful algal bloom (HAB) on the east coast is Alexandrium catenella, also known as the Gulf of Maine “red tide.”This toxic dinoflagellate produces saxitoxins that can accumulate in shellfish and cause paralytic shellfish poisoning in human consumers. The detailed description of cell shape, size and thecal plates was accompanied by drawings cells in ventral, dorsal, apical antapical view as Alexandrium monilatum. Alexandrium Catenella bloom February 5th, 2018 Mario Loyola. In southern Chile, Alexandrium catenella is the main species generating harmful algal blooms (HABs) and over time it has expanded its range since it was first recorded in the Magallanes region in 1972. Alexandrium catenella originally described as Gonyaulax catenella by Whedon and Kofoid (1936) from collected off San Francisco (California) and along the Oregon coast, USA. Previous studies identify “seedbeds” of Alexandrium resting stages (cysts) on the bottom near areas where shellfish frequently attain high levels of toxin. We will map the distribution of cysts and evaluate areas favorable for Alexandrium cyst germination Alexandrium catenella strains disperse readily and are highly adaptable to new regions due to this ability to form cysts and overwinter until conditions are suitable for germination and growth. Collected at … Image 5: Alexandrium and Mesodinium, courtesy of W. Gurske. Scientific Name. Interesting Facts: Several species, including Alexandrium catenella, are toxic and/or bioluminescent. monilatum was first conclusively detected in Chesapeake Bay in 2007, when researchers at VIMS used microscopy and … Creatures » Cellular Organisms » Eukaryotes » SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria) » Alveolates » Dinoflagellates » Dinoflagellates » Gonyaulacales » Gonyaulacaceae » Alexandrium « Alexandrium catenella 20 (2007) 51-57 Viability, growth and toxicity of Alexandrium catenella and Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) following ingestion and gut passage in the oyster Crassostrea gigas Viabilité, croissance et toxicité d'Alexandrium catenella et Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) après leur ingestion et leur transit stomacal chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas Aquat. They produce saxitoxins, among other toxins, which lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning. Alexandrium monilatum is a common HAB (harmful algal bloom) species that historically blooms along the southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the U.S., with a recent expansion into the mid-Atlantic region and Chesapeake Bay.A. (A) Frontal view of A. catenella gathered with secretion from the ephyra and (B) Lateral and magnified view of A. catenella gathered with secretion from the ephyra. Living Resour. In 2016 a severe bloom of an Alexandrium species occurred, which was notable for its intensity and geographical extent, extending into new areas to the north of the Patagonian fjords … It occurs from Maine to New York.